What must the Particulars of Claim include?

• A. The facts relied on, the legal basis, and the remedy sought.
• B. The defendant's evidence and witness statements.
• C. The court fees and timeline for service.
• D. A list of authorities and precedents.

Answer: (A)

The main thing being tested is what a Particulars of Claim must contain to start a civil action. It should lay out three core elements: the facts relied on, the legal basis, and the remedy sought.

The facts relied on give a clear, concise narrative of what happened, when, where, and how the claimant’s rights were triggered or breached. They form the factual foundation of the case and show how the claim arises.

The legal basis identifies the specific cause of action and the applicable law or contract. It links the facts to a recognized legal theory and states why those facts amount to a claim under that theory.

The remedy sought states what the claimant wants from the court—typically a specific amount of damages, but it can also include injunctions, specific performance, or other relief, plus an indication of who should bear costs.

This combination is the best approach because it gives the defendant a clear picture of what is being claimed, on what legal grounds, and what relief is sought, enabling a proper response. Other items, like the defendant’s evidence, witness statements, court fees, or a long list of authorities, belong in later stages or separate documents and are not part of the core contents of the Particulars of Claim.